血氨试验

定义

The ammonia test measures the level of ammonia in a 血液样本.

选择的名字

Serum ammonia; Encephalopathy - ammonia; Cirrhosis - ammonia; 肝衰竭 - ammonia

How the Test is Performed

A 血液样本 是必要的.

How to Prepare for the Test

Your health care provider may ask you to stop taking certain drugs that may affect test results. 这些包括:

• 酒精
• 乙酰唑胺
• 巴比妥酸盐
• 利尿剂
• 毒品
• 丙戊酸

You should not smoke before your blood is drawn.

How the Test will Feel

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. 这很快就会消失.

Why the Test is Performed

氨(NH₃) is produced by cells throughout the body, especially the intestines, liver, and kidneys. Most of the ammonia produced in the body is used by the liver to produce urea. Urea is also a waste product, but it is much less toxic than ammonia. Ammonia is especially toxic to the brain. It can cause confusion, low energy, and sometimes coma.

This test may be done if you have, or your provider thinks you have, a condition that may cause a toxic buildup of ammonia. It is most commonly used to diagnose and monitor hepatic encephalopathy, a severe liver disease.

正常的结果

The normal range is 15 to 45 µ/dL (11 to 32 µmol/L).

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may mean you have increased ammonia levels in your blood. This may be due to any of the following:

• Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, usually in the upper GI tract
• Genetic diseases of the urea cycle
• High body temperature (hyperthermia)
• 肾脏疾病
• 肝衰竭
• Low blood potassium level (in people with liver disease)
• Parenteral nutrition (nutrition by vein)
• 瑞氏综合征
• 水杨酸盐中毒
• Severe muscle exertion
• Ureterosigmoidostomy (a procedure to reconstruct the urinary tract in certain illnesses)
• Urinary tract infection with a bacteria called 变形杆菌

A high-protein diet can also raise the blood ammonia level.

风险

There is little risk in having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

Daniels L, Khalili M, Goldstein E, Bluth MH, Bowne WB, Pincus MR. Evaluation of liver function. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 22.

Mehta SS, Fallon MB. 肝性脑病, 肝肾综合征, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and other systemic complications of liver disease. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management. 11日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 94.