胸部x光片

定义

A chest x射线 is an x射线 of the chest, lungs, heart, large arteries, ribs, and diaphragm.

Alternative Names

Chest radiography; Serial chest x射线; X-ray - chest

How the Test is Performed

You stand in front of the x射线 machine. You will be told to hold your breath when the x射线 is taken.

Two images are usually taken. You will first need to stand facing the machine, and then sideways.

How to Prepare for the Test

Tell the health care provider if you are pregnant. 胸部x光片s are generally not done during pregnancy, and special precautions are taken if they are needed.

How the Test will Feel

There is no discomfort. The imaging plate may feel cold.

Why the Test is Performed

Your provider may order a chest x射线 if you have any of the following symptoms:

• A persistent cough
• 胸部疼痛 from a chest injury (with a possible rib fracture or lung complication) or from heart problems
• Coughing up blood
• Difficulty breathing
• 发热

It may also be done if you have signs of 肺结核, 肺癌, or other chest or 肺部疾病.

A serial chest x射线 is one that is repeated. It may be done to monitor changes found on a past chest x射线.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may be due to many things, including:

在肺部:

• 肺功能衰竭,
• Collection of fluid around the lung
• Lung tumor (noncancerous or cancerous)
• Malformation of the blood vessels
• 肺炎
• Scarring of lung tissue
• 肺结核
• 肺不张

在心里:

• Problems with the size, position or shape of the heart
• Problems with the position, size and shape of the large arteries
• Evidence of heart failure

骨子里:

• 骨折 or other problems of the ribs and spine
• 骨质疏松症

In the mediastinum (middle part of the chest):

• Enlargement, which might be related to infection or tumor

风险

There is low radiation exposure. X-rays are monitored and regulated to provide the minimum amount of radiation exposure needed to produce the image. Most experts feel that the benefits outweigh the risks. Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to the risks of x射线s.

参考文献

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Chest radiography (chest x射线, CXR) - diagnostic norm. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6日艾德. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:327-328.

Felker GM, Teerlink JR. Diagnosis and management of acute heart failure. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 49.

Jokerst CE, Gotway MB. Thoracic radiology: noninvasive diagnostic imaging. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 20.