Doppler 超声波 exam of an arm or leg

定义

这个测试使用 超声波 to look at the blood flow in the large arteries 和 veins in the arms or legs.

选择的名字

Peripheral vascular disease - Doppler; PVD - Doppler; PAD - Doppler; Blockage of leg arteries - Doppler; Intermittent claudication - Doppler; Arterial insufficiency of the legs - Doppler; Leg pain 和 cramping - Doppler; Calf pain - Doppler; Venous Doppler - DVT

How the Test is Performed

The test is done in the 超声波 or radiology department, 病房, or in a peripheral vascular lab.

考试期间:

• A water-soluble gel is placed on a h和held device called a transducer. This device directs high-frequency sound waves to the artery or veins being tested.
• Blood pressure cuffs may be put around different parts of the body, 包括大腿, 小腿, 脚踝, 和 different points along the arm.

How to Prepare for the Test

You will need to remove clothes from the arm or leg being examined.

How the Test will Feel

有时, the person performing the test will need to press on the vein to make sure it does not have a clot. Some people may feel slight pain from the pressure.

Why the Test is Performed

This test is done as the first step to look at arteries 和 veins. 有时, 动脉造影术 和 静脉造影术 以后可能会用到. The test is done to help diagnose:

• Arteriosclerosis of the arms or legs
• 血凝块 (deep vein thrombosis)
• Venous insufficiency

The test may also be used to:

• Look at injury to the arteries
• Monitor arterial reconstruction 和 bypass grafts

正常的结果

A normal result means the blood vessels show no signs of narrowing, 凝块, 或关闭, 和 the arteries have normal blood flow.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may be due to:

• Blockage in an artery by a blood clot
• 血凝块 in a vein (DVT)
• Narrowing or widening of an artery
• Spastic arterial disease (arterial contractions brought on by cold or emotion)
• Venous occlusion (closing of a vein)
• Venous reflux (blood flow going the wrong direction in veins)
• Arterial occlusion from atherosclerosis

This test may also be done to help assess the following conditions:

• Arteriosclerosis of the extremities
• Deep venous thrombosis
• Superficial thrombophlebitis

风险

There are no risks from this procedure.

注意事项

Cigarette smoking may alter the results of this test. Nicotine can cause the arteries in the extremities to constrict.

Quitting smoking lowers the risk for problems with the heart 和 circulatory system. Most smoking-related deaths are caused by cardiovascular problems, not lung cancer.

参考文献

Bonaca MP, Creager MA. Peripheral artery diseases. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 43.

Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, et al. 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: executive summary. Vasc地中海. 22 (3): NP1-NP43. PMID: 28494710 www.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / pubmed / 28494710 /.

Lockhart ME, Umphrey HR, Weber TM, Robbin ML. 周围血管. In: Rumack CM, Levine D, eds. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 27.