口干

定义

口干 occurs when you don't make enough saliva. This causes your mouth to feel dry and uncomfortable. 口干 that is ongoing may be a sign of illness, and can lead to problems with your mouth and teeth.

选择的名字

Xerostomia; 口干 syndrome; Cotton mouth syndrome; Cotton mouth; Hyposalivation; Oral dryness

注意事项

Saliva helps you break down and swallow foods and protects teeth from decay. A lack of saliva may cause a sticky, dry feeling in your mouth and throat. 你的唾液可能变得粘稠或粘稠. 其他症状可能包括:

• 干裂的嘴唇上
• 舌头干燥、粗糙或生涩
• 味觉丧失
• 喉咙痛
• Burning or tingling sensation in the mouth
• 感觉口渴
• 说话困难
• 咀嚼和吞咽困难

Too little saliva in your mouth allows acid-producing bacteria to increase. 这会导致:

• 口臭
• Increase in dental cavities and gum disease
• 患病风险增加 酵母菌感染(鹅口疮)
• 口腔溃疡或感染

原因

口干 occurs when salivary glands do not produce enough saliva to keep your mouth wet or they stop making it altogether.

口干的常见原因包括:

• 许多药物, 处方药和非处方药, 比如抗组胺药, 减充血剂, and medicines for conditions including high blood pressure, 焦虑, 抑郁症, 疼痛, 心脏病, 哮喘或其他呼吸系统疾病, 和癫痫
• 脱水
• Radiation therapy to the head and neck that can damage the salivary glands
• Chemotherapy that can affect the production of saliva
• Injury to the nerves involved in the production of saliva
• 健康问题，例如 干燥综合症, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, Parkinson disease, cystic fibrosis, or Alzheimer disease
• Removal of salivary glands due to an infection or tumor
• 烟草的使用
• 喝酒
• Street drug use, such as smoking marijuana or using methamphetamine (meth)

You can also get dry mouth if you feel stressed or anxious, 用嘴呼吸, 或者脱水.

口干在老年人中很常见. But aging itself does not cause dry mouth. Older adults tend to have more health conditions and take more medicines, 哪些会增加口干的风险.

家庭护理

Try these tips to soothe dry mouth symptoms:

• Drink plenty of water or fluids to stay hydrated.
• Suck on ice chips, frozen grapes, or sugar-free frozen fruit pops to help keep your mouth moist.
• Chew sugar-free gum or hard candy to stimulate saliva flow.
• Try to breathe through your nose and not your mouth.
• 晚上睡觉时使用加湿器.
• Try over-the-counter artificial saliva or mouth sprays or moisturizers.
• Use oral rinses made for dry mouth to help moisten your mouth and maintain oral hygiene.

Making these changes in your diet may help:

• 吃软的、容易咀嚼的食物.
• 包括凉的和淡的食物. 避免吃辛辣和酸性食物.
• Eat foods with a high liquid content, such as those with gravy, broth, or a sauce.
• 吃饭时喝液体.
• Dunk your bread or other hard or crunchy food in a liquid before swallowing.
• Cut your food into small pieces to make it easier to chew.
• 少吃多吃.

Certain things can make dry mouth worse, so it's best to avoid:

• 含糖饮料
• Caffeine from coffee, tea, and soft drinks
• 酒精和含酒精的漱口水
• Acidic foods such as orange or grapefruit juice
• Dry, rough foods that may irritate your tongue or mouth
• 烟草和烟草制品

照顾好你的 口腔健康:

• 每天至少用牙线清洁一次. 刷牙前最好用牙线.
• Use a fluoride toothpaste and brush your teeth with a soft-bristled toothbrush. This helps prevent damage to tooth enamel and gums.
• 每餐后刷牙.
• Schedule regular checkups with your dentist. Talk with your dentist about how often to have checkups.

何时联系医疗专业人员

如果出现以下情况，请联系您的医疗保健提供者:

• You have dry mouth that does not go away
• 你有吞咽困难
• You have a burning sensation in your mouth
• 你嘴里有白斑

在您的办公室访问中期待什么

Proper treatment involves finding out the cause of dry mouth.

您的供应商将:

• 回顾你的病史
• 检查你的症状
• Take a look at the medicines you are taking

您的提供商可能会下令:

• 血液测试
• 你的唾液腺的成像扫描
• Salivary flow collection test to measure saliva production in your mouth
• Other tests as needed to diagnose the cause

If your medicine is the cause, your provider may change the type or medicine or the dose. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜也可能会开出:

• Medicines that promote the secretion of saliva
• Saliva substitutes that replace natural saliva in your mouth

参考文献

Elluru RG. 唾液腺生理学. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. 卡明斯耳鼻咽喉科:头部 & 颈部手术. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 81.

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research website. 口干. www.nidcr.国家卫生研究院.gov /健康信息/口干. 2022年9月更新. 2023年6月8日访问.

Pham KL, Mirowski GW. Oral diseases and oral manifestations of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 11日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 24.

Popovtzer A, Eisbruch A. Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: radiation physics, radiobiology, and clinical principles. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. 卡明斯耳鼻咽喉科:头部 & 颈部手术. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 75.