肝活组织检查

定义

肝脏 活组织检查 is a test that takes a sample of tissue from the liver for examination.

选择的名字

Biopsy - liver; Percutaneous liver 活组织检查; Needle 活组织检查 of liver

How the Test is Performed

Most of the time, the test is done in the hospital or specialized procedure unit. Before the test is done, you may be given a medicine to prevent pain or to calm you (sedative).

The 活组织检查 may be done through the abdominal wall:

• You will lie on your back with your right hand under your head. You need to stay as still as you can.
• The health care provider will find the correct spot for the 活组织检查 needle to be inserted into the liver. This is often done by using ultrasound.
• The skin is cleaned, and numbing medicine is injected into the area using a small needle.
• A small cut is made, and the 活组织检查 needle is inserted.
• You will be told to hold your breath while the 活组织检查 is taken. This is to reduce the chance of damage to the lung or liver.
• The needle is removed quickly.
• Pressure will be applied to stop the bleeding. A bandage is placed over the insertion site.

The procedure can also be done by inserting a needle into your liver by moving it through the jugular vein.

• If the procedure is performed this way, you will lie on your back.
• X-rays will be used to guide the provider to the vein.
• A special needle and catheter (thin tube) is used to take the 活组织检查 sample.

If you receive sedation for this test, you will need someone to drive you home.

How to Prepare for the Test

Tell your provider about:

• 出血的问题
• 药物过敏
• Medicines you are taking including herbs, 补充, or medicines you bought without a prescription
• 是否怀孕

You must sign a consent form. Blood tests are sometimes done to test your blood's ability to clot. You will be told not to eat or drink anything for the 8 hours before the test.

For infants and children:

The preparation needed for a child depends on the child's age and maturity. Your child's provider will tell you what you can do to prepare your child for this test.

考试的感觉如何

You will feel a stinging pain when the anesthetic is injected. The 活组织检查 needle may feel like deep pressure and dull pain. Some people feel this pain in the shoulder.

Why the Test is Performed

The 活组织检查 helps diagnose many 肝脏疾病. The procedure also helps assess the stage (early, advanced) of liver disease. This is especially important in 肝炎 B and C infection.

The 活组织检查 also helps detect:

• 癌症
• 感染
• The cause of abnormal levels of liver enzymes that have been found in blood tests
• The cause of an unexplained liver enlargement

正常的结果

The liver tissue is normal.

What Abnormal Results Mean

The 活组织检查 may reveal a number of 肝脏疾病, including 肝硬化, 肝炎，或感染，如 肺结核. It may also indicate cancer.

This test also may be performed for:

• 酒精性肝病 (fatty liver, 肝炎, or 肝硬化)
• 阿米巴肝脓肿
• 自身免疫性肝炎
• 胆道闭锁
• 慢性活动性肝炎
• Chronic persistent 肝炎
• Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
• 血色沉着病
• 乙型肝炎
• 丙型肝炎
• D型肝炎
• 肝细胞癌
• 霍奇金淋巴瘤
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• 非霍奇金淋巴瘤
• 化脓性肝脓肿
• 瑞氏综合征
• 硬化性胆管炎
• Primary biliary cholangitis
• 威尔逊的疾病

风险

风险可能包括:

• 肺功能衰竭,
• Complications from the sedation
• Injury to the gallbladder or kidney
• 内出血

参考文献

福尔摩斯JA，钟丽娟. 丙型肝炎. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 11日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 80.

马丁P. Approach to the patient with liver disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil医学. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 137.

帕拉迪斯V，祖克曼-罗西J. Cellular and molecular techniques. 见:伯特，编辑. MacSween's Pathology of the Liver. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 2.