巴氏早期癌变探查试验

定义

The 巴氏早期癌变探查试验 mainly checks for changes that may turn into 子宫颈癌. Cells scraped from the opening of the cervix are examined under a microscope. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus (womb) that opens at the top of the 阴道.

This test is sometimes called a Pap "smear" or "cervical cytology."

选择的名字

Papanicolaou test; 子宫颈抹片检查; Cervical cancer 筛选 - 巴氏早期癌变探查试验; Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - Pap; CIN - Pap; Precancerous changes of the cervix - Pap; Cervical cancer - Pap; Squamous intraepithelial lesion - Pap; LSIL - Pap; HSIL - Pap; Low-grade Pap; High-grade Pap; Carcinoma in situ - Pap; CIS - Pap; ASCUS - Pap; Atypical glandular cells - Pap; AGUS - Pap; Atypical squamous cells - Pap; HPV - Pap; Human papilloma virus - Pap cervix - Pap; Colposcopy - Pap; Cervical cytology

如何执行测试

You lie on a table and place your feet in footrests. Your health care provider gently inserts an instrument called a speculum into the 阴道 稍微打开. 这可以让十大赌博平台排行榜看到子宫颈.

轻轻地从子宫颈区域收集细胞. The sample of cells is sent to a lab for examination.

如何准备考试

如果你:

• Have had an abnormal 巴氏早期癌变探查试验 or a positive human papillomavirus (HPV) test in the past. HPV is a virus that causes genital warts and 子宫颈癌.
• 可能怀孕了.

DO NOT do the following for 24 hours before the test:

• 冲洗(绝对不能冲洗)
• 性交
• 使用卫生棉条

Try not to schedule your 巴氏早期癌变探查试验 for when you have your period, 但如果你意外出血, 不取消考试吗. Your provider will determine if the 巴氏早期癌变探查试验 can still be done.

For your comfort, you may want to empty your bladder just before the test.

考试的感觉如何

A 巴氏早期癌变探查试验 causes little to no discomfort for most people. It can cause some discomfort, similar to menstrual cramps. 考试时你可能也会感到压力.

检查后你可能会出血.

为什么要进行测试

The 巴氏早期癌变探查试验 looks for changes in cervical cells that may turn into 子宫颈癌. Most 子宫颈癌s can be avoided if you have 筛选s according to the recommended schedule.

You should start having 巴氏早期癌变探查试验s at age 21 and continue having them every 3 years.

If you are age 30 or over you can do any of the following:

• 继续每3年做一次巴氏试验
• 切换到 人乳头瘤病毒检验 每5年一次
• 每5年做一次宫颈抹片和HPV检查吗

You may not need to have a 巴氏早期癌变探查试验 if you have had a total hysterectomy (uterus and cervix removed) and have not had abnormal tests in the past.

Most people can stop having 巴氏早期癌变探查试验s after age 65 if they've had normal tests in the past. 询问你的十大赌博平台排行榜你什么时候应该停止筛查.

正常的结果

A normal result means there are no abnormal cells present. The 巴氏早期癌变探查试验 is not 100% accurate, and this is why repeat testing 建议. 因为 子宫颈癌 发展非常缓慢, repeat 巴氏早期癌变探查试验s usually find changes in time for treatment before cancer develops.

异常结果意味着什么

最常见的巴氏试验异常结果有:

Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US)

• 这个测试结果被认为是轻微的变化.
• 这些变化可能是由HPV感染引起的, 炎症, 或者在更年期缺乏雌激素.
• 建议重复巴氏涂片检查或HPV检查. 如果HPV检测呈阳性， 阴道镜 建议.

低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)

• 这个测试结果被认为是轻微的变化.
• These changes are often associated with an active HPV infection but may indicate that a 癌前期 或者出现了癌症.
• 建议阴道镜检查 unless an HPV test is negative, in which case repeat testing in one year is often recommended.

Atypical squamous cells, cannot rule out HSIL (ASC-H)

• This test result is considered a relatively severe change.
• These changes may indicate that a 癌前期 或者出现了癌症.
• 建议阴道镜检查.

高级鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)

• 这个测试结果被认为是一个严重的变化.
• These changes may indicate that a 癌前期 或者出现了癌症.
• 建议阴道镜检查.

非典型腺细胞(AGC)

• 这个测试结果被认为是一个严重的变化.
• These changes may indicate that there is a 癌前期 or cancer of the cells inside the cervix or uterus.
• 建议阴道镜检查 and may include a biopsy of the lining of the uterus.

参考文献

Fontham ETH, Wolf AMD, Church TR等. Cervical cancer 筛选 for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. 癌症J临床. 2020;70(5):321-346. PMID: 32729638 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 32729638 /.

纽克GR. 子宫颈抹片检查 and related techniques for 子宫颈癌 筛选. 见:福勒GC编. Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for 初级护理. 第四版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 120.

帕金斯RB, 圭多RS, 城堡体育, et al; 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines Committee. 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines for Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Tests and Cancer Precursors. J下生殖道疾病. 2020;24(2):102-131. 错误: J下生殖道疾病. 2020;24(4):427. PMID: 32243307 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 32243307 /.

Salcedo MP, Phoolcharoen N, Schmeler KM. Intraepithelial neoplasia of the lower genital tract (cervix, 阴道, 阴户):病因, 筛选, 诊断, 管理. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds. 全面的妇科. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 29.

US Preventive Services Task Force, Curry SJ, Krist AH, Owens DK, et al. Screening for 子宫颈癌: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. 《十大赌博平台排行榜》. 2018;320(7):674-686. PMID: 30140884 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 30140884 /.