Peritoneal fluid analysis

定义

Peritoneal fluid analysis is a lab test. It is done to look at fluid that has built up in the space in the abdomen around the internal organs. This area is called the peritoneal space. The condition is called 腹水.

The test to obtain the fluid is known as paracentesis or abdominal tap.

选择的名字

Paracentesis; Abdominal tap

How the Test is Performed

The sample of fluid is removed from the peritoneal space using a needle and syringe. Ultrasound is often used to direct the needle to the fluid.

Your health care provider will clean and numb a small area of your belly area (abdomen). A needle is inserted through the skin of your abdomen and a fluid sample is pulled out. The fluid is collected into a tube (syringe) attached to the end of the needle.

The fluid is sent to a lab where it is examined. Tests will be done on the fluid to measure:

• 白蛋白
• 蛋白质
• Red and white blood cell counts

Tests will also check for bacteria and other types of infection.

The following tests may also be done:

• 碱性磷酸酶
• 淀粉酶
• Cytology (appearance of cells)
• 葡萄糖
• LDH

How to Prepare for the Test

Let your provider know if you:

• Are taking any medicines (including herbal remedies)
• Have any allergies to medicines or numbing medicine
• Have any bleeding problems
• Are pregnant or planning to get pregnant

考试的感觉如何

You may feel a stinging sensation from the numbing medicine, or pressure as the needle is placed.

If a large amount of fluid is taken out, you may feel dizzy or lightheaded. Tell the provider if you feel dizzy.

Why the Test is Performed

测试的目的是:

• 检测 腹膜炎 (infection in the peritoneal space).
• Find the cause of fluid in the abdomen.
• Remove large amounts of fluid from the peritoneal space in people who have 肝 disease. (This is done to make breathing comfortable.)
• See whether an injury to the abdomen has caused internal bleeding.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may mean:

• Bile-stained fluid may mean you have a gallbladder or 肝 problem.
• Bloody fluid may be a sign of 肿瘤 或受伤.
• High white blood cell counts may be a sign of 腹膜炎.
• Milk-colored peritoneal fluid may be a sign of 癌 (一种癌症)， 肝硬化, 淋巴瘤, 肺结核或感染.

Other abnormal test results may be due to a problem in the intestines or organs of the abdomen. Large differences between the amount of albumin in the peritoneal fluid and in your blood may point to heart, 肝, 或者肾衰竭. Small differences may be a sign of cancer or infection.

风险

风险可能包括:

• Damage to the bowel, bladder, or a blood vessel in the abdomen from the needle puncture
• 出血
• 感染
• 低血压
• 冲击

参考文献

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Paracentesis (peritoneal fluid analysis) - diagnostic. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic 程序. 6日艾德. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:849-851.

Kwo PY. Clinical features of 肝 disease. In: Saxena R, ed. Practical Hepatic Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach. 第二版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 2.

Mehta S, Fallon MB. Cirrhosis of the 肝 and its complications. In: Wing EJ, Schiffman FJ, eds. Cecil Essentials of Medicine. 10日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 44.

珀西一. 程序. In: Kleinman K, Mcdaniel L, Molloy M, eds. The Harriet Lane Handbook. 22日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 4.