Schirmer测试

定义

The Schirmer测试 determines whether the eye produces enough tears to keep it moist.

选择的名字

Tear test; Tearing test; 干眼 test; Basal secretion test; Sjögren - Schirmer; Schirmer's test

How the Test is Performed

The eye doctor will place the end of a strip of filter paper inside the lower eyelid of each eye. Both eyes are tested at the same time. 考试前, you will be given numbing eye drops to prevent your eyes from tearing due to irritation from the paper strips.

The exact procedure may vary. Most often, the eyes are closed for 5 minutes. 轻轻地闭上眼睛. Closing the eyes tightly or rubbing the eyes during the test can cause abnormal test results.

After 5 minutes, the doctor removes the paper and measures how much of it has become moist.

Sometimes the test is done without numbing drops to test for other types of tear problems.

The phenol red thread test is similar to the Schirmer测试, except that red strips of special thread are used instead of paper strips. Numbing drops are not needed. The test takes 15 seconds.

How to Prepare for the Test

You will be asked to remove your glasses or contact lenses before the test.

考试的感觉如何

Some people find that holding the paper against the eye is irritating or mildly uncomfortable. The numbing drops often sting at first.

Why the Test is Performed

This test is used when the eye doctor suspects you have dry eye. Symptoms include dryness of the eyes or excessive watering of the eyes.

正常的结果

More than 10 mm of moisture on the filter paper after 5 minutes is a sign of normal tear production. Both eyes normally release the same amount of tears.

What Abnormal Results Mean

干眼s may result from:

• 老化
• Swelling or inflammation of the eyelids (睑缘炎)
• 气候变化
• Corneal ulcers and infections
• Eye infections (for example, 结膜炎)
• Laser vision correction
• 白血病
• Lymphoma (cancer of the lymph system)
• 类风湿性关节炎
• Previous eyelid or facial surgery
• 干燥综合症
• 维生素A缺乏

风险

There are no risks with this test.

注意事项

Do not rub the eyes for at least 30 minutes after the test. Leave contact lenses out for at least 2 hours after the test.

Even though the Schirmer测试 has been available since 1903, several studies show that it does not properly identify a large group of people with dry eyes. Newer and better tests are being developed. One test measures a molecule called lactoferrin. People with low tear production and dry eye have low levels of this molecule.

Another test measures tear osmolarity, or how concentrated the tears are. The higher the osmolarity, the more likely it is that you have dry eye.

参考文献

Akpek埃克, Amescua G, Farid Ml; American Academy of 眼科学 Preferred Practice Pattern Cornea and External Disease Panel, 等. 干眼 syndrome Preferred Practice Pattern. 眼科学. 2019;126(1):286-334. PMID: 30366798 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 30366798 /.

Brissette AR, Bohm KJ, Starr CE. 干眼 overview: classification and treatment algorithm. In: Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, eds. Cornea: Fundamentals, Diagnosis and Management. 5日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 31.

查克RS, 邓恩SP, Flaxel CJ; American Academy of 眼科学 Preferred Practice Pattern Committee, 等. Comprehensive adult medical eye evaluation PPP 2020. 眼科学. 2021;128(1):1-29. www.阳极氧化铝.org/preferred-practice-pattern/comprehensive-adult-medical-eye-evaluation-ppp. Published November 2020.

鲑鱼摩根富林明. 干眼. 在:鲑鱼JF, ed. Kanski's Clinical 眼科学. 9日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 5.